From lava tubes on Mars to ice pockets on Europa, subterranean environments may offer the best chance of finding life—and living safely—beyond our planet. “I was like, ‘OK, I'm pretty sure that ...

Scientists say caves on Mars and icy moons may host microbial life and serve as future habitats for astronauts to be sent to ...

An ancient Martian system of canyons and valleys could be home to archaic life forms, a ground-breaking scientific paper has found. Scientists investigating the Red Planet’s mind-boggling cave system ...

How These Caves Were Formed The key to understanding the significance of these caves lies in their formation process. On Earth, karstic caves are created when water erodes soluble rocks like limestone ...

Katie has a PhD in maths, specializing in the intersection of dynamical systems and number theory. She reports on topics from maths and history to society and animals. Katie has a PhD in maths, ...