Artificial intelligence systems based on neural networks—such as ChatGPT, Claude, DeepSeek or Gemini—are extraordinarily powerful, yet their internal workings remain largely a "black box." To better ...

Physicists at Harvard University have developed a simplified, physics-inspired mathematical model to better understand how neural networks learn, potentially explaining why large AI systems often ...

Two new research efforts are offering deeper insight into how artificial intelligence can be made safer and more effective. Harvard physicists have developed a simplified, physics-inspired model to ...