Abstract: Automatic modulation classification (AMC) is one of the fundamental technologies in adaptive communication systems, supporting various tasks such as spectrum surveillance and cognitive radio ...

We break down the Encoder architecture in Transformers, layer by layer! If you've ever wondered how models like BERT and GPT process text, this is your ultimate guide. We look at the entire design of ...

- Driven by the **output**, attending to the **input**. - Each word in the output sequence determines which parts of the input sequence to attend to, forming an **output-oriented attention** mechanism ...

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As a sequence labeling task, we always use transformer encoder (like BERT) to solve the NER problem, for example, the author in Doc2EDAG use BERT as the first step backbone. However, in the paper, it ...