In 1341, the Duke of Brittany died without a clear male heir. What followed was not a tidy legal dispute, but a brutal civil war that dragged on for more than two decades and drew in the great powers of Europe. At its center stood two women—each claiming legitimacy, each refusing to yield. Joan of Penthièvre’s claim was legal, hereditary, and backed by France. Married to Charles of Blois, she embodied dynastic right and royal order. When her husband was captured and later killed, Joan did not di
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In 1341, the Duke of Brittany died without a clear male heir. What followed was not a tidy legal dispute, but a brutal civil war that dragged on for more than two decades and drew in the great powers of Europe. At its center stood two women—each claiming legitimacy, each refusing to yield. Joan of Penthièvre’s claim was legal, hereditary, and backed by France. Married to Charles of Blois, she embodied dynastic right and royal order. When her husband was captured and later killed, Joan did not di
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